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Infection · Urinary Tract InfectionInfection & Inflammation / Urinary Tract Infection

Recurrent UTI in Women

Recurrent UTI is its own problem, with its own guideline — the goals shift from "treat this infection" to "stop the cycle."

Orientation

The big picture

Recurrent UTI is its own problem, with its own guideline. The goals shift from "treat this infection" to "stop the cycle" — confirm the diagnosis with cultures (not just symptoms), look for any complicating factor, treat each episode with the shortest effective course, and then reduce recurrences with prophylaxis, favouring non-antibiotic options first to spare resistance. The AUA index patient is an otherwise healthy woman with recurrent uncomplicated infection.

Golden rule

The framework: define it → evaluate (culture-confirm, exclude complicating factors) → treat episodes (short course, first-line drugs) → prophylaxis ladder (behavioural/non-antibiotic → vaginal estrogen → low-dose antibiotic).

Pathophysiology

Mechanism pathway

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Work-up

Diagnostic algorithm

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Exam

Board traps

rUTI = ≥2 in 6 months OR ≥3 in 12 months (culture-proven); mostly reinfection.

Culture-confirm — don't treat on symptoms alone; reflex culture preferred.

Don't over-image the index patient — imaging/cystoscopy/urodynamics only if a complicating factor is suspected.

Treat episodes short (≤7 days) with first-line agents by local antibiogram.

Vaginal estrogen for peri/post-menopausal women — recommended, often forgotten.

Non-antibiotic prophylaxis first (cranberry, methenamine, behaviour); low-dose antibiotic ≤12 months, then reassess.

Test yourself

Quiz

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